Captain Marvel will be focused on the character of Carol Danvers (Brie Larson) as she takes on the mantle of Captain Marvel and transforms from a human into an alien-hybrid superhero. However, as any diehard comic book fan will tell you, Miss Danvers is hardly the first hero to bear the Captain Marvel title. In fact, historically speaking, Danvers has only been Captain Marvel for less than a decade; before that, she spent many years as the hero Ms. Marvel.
But even the Ms. Marvel persona wasn't the first time Danvers graced Marvel's books. She was actually introduced in 1968, in Marvel Super-Heroes #13. At that point, she was a retired Air Force pilot that served as a support role for the character Mar-Vell, who had been created a year before and was then occupying the role of Captain Marvel. Cutting out decades of complicated backstory, the MCU seems to have decided to streamline Danvers' origin story — as they've done more than once for the screen versions of their classic characters in the past.
As an interesting side note, the title Captain Marvel wasn't even coined by Marvel comics in the first place. The moniker was originally dreamed up by C.C. Beck of Fawcett Comics, with the character he created eventually being bought by D.C. Comics. That hero is more commonly known today as Shazam.